What is the difference between curriculum vitae (CV) and a resume?

The primary differences between a resume and curriculum vitae (CV) are the length, what is included and what each is used for. A resume is a one or two page summary of your skills, experience and education. Curriculum vitae is a longer (at least two page) and more detailed synopsis.

Curriculum vitae includes a summary of your educational and academic backgrounds as well as teaching and research experience, publications, presentations, awards, honors, affiliations and other details. CV is a detailed resume used by scientists, academicians, and others who have a list of research work, publications, presented papers at national and international symposiums and conferences, and others. A CV can also include info on patents filed and obtained.

A resume is ideally suited when applying for middle and senior level positions, where experience and specific skills rather than education is important. A C.V., on the other hand is the preferred option for fresh graduates, people looking for a career change, and those applying for academic positions. The term bio-data is mostly used in India while applying to government jobs, or when applying for research grants and other situations where one has to submit descriptive essays.

Personal information such as age, sex, religion and others, and hobbies are never mentioned in a resume. Many people include such particulars in the C.V. However, this is neither required nor considered in the US market. A Bio-data, on the other hand always include such personal particulars.

RESUME


Resume is a summary of one's employment, education, and other skills, used in applying for a new position. A resume seldom exceeds one side of an A4 sheet, and at the most two sides. They do not list out all the education and qualifications, but only highlight specific skills customized to target the job profile.

A resume is usually broken into bullets and written in the third person to appear objective and formal. A good resume starts with a brief Summary of Qualifications, followed by Areas of Strength or Industry Expertise in keywords, followed by Professional Experience in reverse chronological order. Focus is on the most recent experiences, and prior experiences summarized. The content aims at providing the reader a balance of responsibilities and accomplishments for each position. After Work experience come Professional Affiliations, Computer Skills, and
Education

CURRICULUM VITAE

A C.V. is more detailed than a resume, usually 2 to 3 pages, but can run even longer as per the requirement. A C.V. generally lists out every skills, jobs, degrees, and professional affiliations the applicant has acquired, usually in chronological order. A C.V. displays general talent rather than specific skills for any specific positions.

BIO-DATA

Bio Data the short form for Biographical Data, is the old-fashioned terminology for Resume or C.V. The emphasis in a bio data is on personal particulars like date of birth, religion, sex, race, nationality, residence, martial status, and the like. Next comes a chronological listing of education and experience. The things normally found in a resume, that is specific skills for the job in question comes last, and are seldom included. Bio-data also includes applications made in specified formats as required by the company.

Letter of Application - COVERING LETTER FORMAT

The format for the Covering Letter is same as the Job Application Letter.

Your Contact Information 
Address 
City, State, Zip Code 
Phone Number 
Cell Phone Number 
Email

Employer Contact Information 

Name 
Title 
Company 
Address 
City, State, Zip Code

Date

Salutation

Dear Mr/Ms. Name,

First Paragraph – Include information on your qualification and why you are writing.

Middle Paragraphs - What you have to offer the Company.

Concluding Paragraph – How you will follow-up. 

In conclusion, you may indicate that your references are available on request.

Complimentary Close:

Sincerely,

Signature

JOB APPLICATION LETTER - FORMAT

The format below can also be used for applying PhD and Internships.

Your Personal Information
Name
Street Address 
City, State, Zip Code 
Phone Number 
Email Address

Date

Employer Contact Information
Name 
Title 
Company
Address 
City, State, Zip Code

Salutation
Dear Mr./Ms. Name or Dear Hiring Manager:

First Paragraph: 
The first paragraph of your job application letter should include information on your qualification, why you are writing. Mention the job you are applying for and where you found the position. If you have a reference at the company, include it.

Middle Paragraphs: 
The next section of your cover letter should describe what you have to offer the company. Make strong connections between your abilities and the requirements listed in the job posting. Mention specifically how your skills and experience match the job. Expand on the information in your resume, don't just repeat it. Try to support each statement you make with a piece of evidence. Use several shorter paragraphs or bullets rather than one large block of text.

Final Paragraph: 
Conclude your application letter by thanking the employer for considering you for the position.

Complimentary Close:

Sincerely,

Signature

REFERENCE LETTER - FORMAT

The format for the Reference Letter is given below:

Salutation

It is better to start with "To Whom it May Concern".

Paragraph 1
The first paragraph of the reference letter should explain your relationship with the person you are recommending, including how you know him/her, and why you are writing a reference letter to recommend him/her for the employment or graduate school.

Paragraph 2
The second paragraph of the reference letter template contains specific information on the person you are writing about, including why they are qualified, what they can contribute, and why you are providing a reference letter. If necessary, use more than one paragraph to provide details.

Paragraph 3
When writing a specific letter referring a candidate for a particular job opening, the reference letter should include information on how the person's skills match the position they are applying for. Ask for a copy of the job posting and a copy of the person's resume so you can target your reference letter accordingly.

Conclusion or Summary
This section of the reference letter must contain a brief summary of why you are recommending the person.

Complimentary Close

Sincerely,

Full Name and Signature with Contact Details

TESTIMONIALS FORMAT

There are two types of Testimonials:

1. Employment Testimonial
2. Educational Testimonial

Employment Testimonial:

The employment testimonial is usually issued by the former Supervisor or Team leaders or Managers. In most cases the testimonial consists of these parts:

1. Duration and position the employee has worked for and the relationship to the person writing the testimonial

2. Major projects undertaken during the employment period. Particular achievements pointed out.
3. Performance during the tenure
4. Thank you note and wish for future success of the employee

Educational Testimonial:

The educational testimonial is usually given by the professor at university or other academic staff. It consists of the following parts:

1. Duration since when the academic staff has known the student and which subjects have been taught.
2. Academic performance (often in relation to peers)
3. Characteristics of the Student.
4. Recommendation of the Student for future employment and wish him success.

CURRICULUM VITAE FORMAT

There is no specific format for Curriculum Vitae or Resume, but we need to have few specific details in right order.

Contact Information 
The first section of your CV should include information on how the employer can contact you.

First Last Name
Street Address
City, State, Zip 
Phone (Cell/Home)
Email Address

Linked In/ Facebook ID (optional)

Objective
Describe your career goal.

Education
In the education section of your CV, list the colleges you attended, the degrees you attained, and any special awards and honors you earned.

Experience
In this section of your CV, include your work history. List the companies you worked for, dates of employment, the positions you held and a bulleted list of responsibilities and achievements.

Skills
Include skills related to the position / career field that you are applying for i.e. technical skills, computer skills, language skills, personal skills.

Hobbies and Activities

In this section of your CV include your interests during your leisure time.

Awards and Accolades

Include your awards you won in competitions or performances.

Competencies

In this section of your CV, define all your specific range of skills, knowledge, or ability.

References available upon request

There is no need to include references on your CV or resume.

Declaration

You declare saying that the above details furnished are true to the best of your knowledge.

Which is the first day of the week?

There are many different opinions as to how the history of the seven-day week came about, but the most common explanation is that the seven-day week seems to have originated when Babylonian astrologers assigned their planet gods to the days of the week around 700 BC. The Romans later replaced these names with their own planet-gods. Ancient Mesopotamian astrologers linked a planet-god to each hour of the day and then arranged them to their correct cosmological order. They used a seven-sided figure to keep track of the proper names of the hours and days in relation to the planet gods where each vertex was marked with a planet’s name in the proper order.

The First Day of the Week
The first day of the week varies all over the world. In most cultures, Sunday is regarded as the first day of the week although many observe Monday as the first day of the week. According to the Bible, the Sabbath or Saturday is the last day of the week which marks Sunday as the first day of the week for many Jewish and Christian faiths, while many countries regard Monday as the first day of the week.

The day and night is due earth's rotation. Primarily, our civilization has used the motion of the Sun as a measurement of time ( its actually earth's rotation with reference to Sun ). A "unit" of time is the interlude between any two successive events - the fundamental one for us being the length of time between two successive risings of the Sun or one syndodic Earth rotation - 24 hours. Since the Sun was involved in the calculation of time and naming of days of the week. They named the first day of the week as SUNDAY...!!!!!

According to the international standard ISO 8601, Monday shall be the first day of the week ending with Sunday as the seventh day of the week. Although this is the international standard, countries such as the United States still have their calendars refer to Sunday as the start of the seven-day week.

Remedies for sores all over the head

It is always safe option to use Pine Tar shampoo of two whole bottles for about a month. I am pretty sure your problems of having sores all over head will be solved. You get Pine Tar shampoo at a supplement store.

I have to warn you though, the tar one litterally smells like tar, although it works fabulous. I recomend Head and Shoulders if you dont want to smell like a newly paved street. You can find Head and Shoulders almost everywhere and if you have a co-op, they probaly have Grandpa's Tar.

If you still feel your problems of having sores is not been solved, it is better to consult dermatologist. I would suggest you not to take any treatments as it always leads to side effects like hair loss and many things as such.

Please see the link below, which might be useful.

http://www.healthy-skincare.com/dandruff-causes.html

Natural Remedies to reduce and cure dark spots, pimples on faces

Multani mitti with rose water

Chill rose water. Take a few tbsp of multani mitti, add to it the chilled rose water, a few drops of lemon juice and 1 tbsp of sandalwood powder. Apply this pack to your face thrice a week for maximum results.

Cinnamon and honey

Take 2-3 pieces of cinnamon, powder it well. Mix it with honey and apply on the pimples, Leave it overnight. Regularly following this routine will control the pimple menace to a considerable extent.

Neem and mint leaves

Make a fine paste of neem and mint leaves. Apply to your face for 30 minutes. Rinse it off with cool water. It will keep your skin fresh and prevent an outbreak of acne.

Tulsi and mint leaves

If neem is not easily available, try the above method with tusli leaves as a substitute.

Toothpaste

Apply a dab of fluoride toothpaste (gel doesn’t work) to the first sign of a pimple and leave it overnight. The redness, swelling and pain will vanish.

Lemon Juice

Apply the lemon juice to the affected area and leave it for 2 hours. Later wash your face with cold water. You will see the difference after one week.

Orange peel

Take dry orange and lemon peels and place it in the sun to get dried and then make it as powder. Store it in a dry container. To control acne, regularly use as a pack, powdered orange and lemon peels blended with rose water and sandalwood powder.

Turmeric

Make a paste of fresh turmeric root (freely available in the market). Add to it fresh sandalwood paste and a bit of powdered nutmeg. It works wonders on problem skin.

Garlic

This is another popular tip for zit zapping. Grate the juice of a 2-3 garlic cloves and apply it to the affected areas.

Fenugreek (methi) leaves

Grind together methi leaves, tulsi and mint leaves. Add a few drops of lemon to this. Apply this green pack to freshly washed face. Leave it for 20 minutes or till the pack dries. Rinse off with cold water. Do it regularly and see acne disappear.

Cucumber juice

Cucumbers are said to have compounds that are extremely beneficial for the skin. Even applying cold slices of cucumber to your skin is said to be beneficial. To get rid of scars form your face, extract the juice of a small piece of cucumber and add to it a few drop of lime juice. Apply regularly to the affected areas.

Honey

Honey is known to have mild bleaching properties. Take a tbsp of pure honey, add to it a few drops of lemon juice, a tsp of milk and a pinch of fresh turmeric powder. Apply this all over the scarred areas. It is said to have miraculous results, if done regularly for a long period of time.